An IOC sweep checks whether known indicators from a threat report appear anywhere in your environment. It is usually the first search run after a new campaign is published.
Steps in a sweep
Indicators are cleaned of defanging (for example hxxp and [.]), grouped by type, and searched in each tool that records that type. Each tool reports matches, or no matches, over a stated time window.
Limits
Indicators change quickly and attackers reuse infrastructure rarely, so a clean sweep says little about behavior. Pair sweeps with behavior-based hunts.